Lesson Plan Background: Pollution and Global Climate Change Essay exam

Exercise Plan Background: Pollution and Global Climate Change Presentation: This exercise about contamination centers around ozone depleting substances. Understudies will find out about ozone depleting substances and how they influence environments. The understudies will comprehend the nursery influence and how their activities relate expanding groupings of ozone depleting substances. In the exercise, understudies will characterize the properties of a biological system, figure out how to recognize the environments they live in and how they collaborate inside a biological system. The understudies will have the option to apply what they realized on a neighborhood and worldwide level. The understudies will be surveyed for comprehension all through the exercise just as at the finish of the exercise through exercises and conversation. Since the ideas introduced are confounded for fourth †fifth grade understudies, the exercise requires the instructor to persistently check for comprehension. More detail on the evaluations is given in the â€Å"Assessment† area. This exercise additionally creates abilities that should enable the understudies to fulfill Colorado State guidelines. These abilities arrive at the sciences just as language expressions and stretch out across numerous particular guidelines, for example, thinking and articulating thoughts. The understudies are urged to communicate thoughts and connect with one another through conversation and little gathering exercises while thinking through testing ideas. This permits the educator to connect with the understudies and furthermore permits the understudies to turn out to be increasingly open to communicating thoughts. The understudies are likewise expected to propose activities to diminish contamination toward the finish of the exercise which permits them to think autonomously and to feel that they can be pioneers and impact change. The main structure square of the exercise is to... ...n make a vow to follow up on the proposition. The understudies ought to acknowledge through this that they can be pioneers in affecting change and that they can have any kind of effect. Works Cited Cohen, Jordan, and Nick Hopwood. Ozone depleting substances and Society. University of Michigan. 26 Sept. 2006 . â€Å"CSI: Climate Status Investigations.† The Keystone Center. 26 Sept. 2006. http://www.keystonecurriculum.org/middleschool/too_cool_for_school.html#top â€Å"Global Warming.† Encarta Encyclopedia. MSN Encarta. 27 Sept. 2006. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761567022/Global_Warming.html â€Å"Climatic Variation in Earth History.† Class freebee. â€Å"Ecosystem.† Encarta Dictionary. MSN Encarta. 26 Sept. 2006. http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/Ecosystem.html

Domestic violence

Article Critique My article Is about the NFG football player Ray Rice who was gotten on video observation pummeling his fianc㠩â ©e viscously until she fell oblivious. In the article it clarifies that unfortunately, the NFG has managed numerous abusive behavior at home cases Just as awful as this one. In the criminal case, he can maintain a strategic distance from arraignment and a criminal record by finishing the pre-preliminary mediation program. A great many people who do such an offense wouldn't be given this choice to do instead.Many individuals accept that since he is proficient competitor, he can circumvent the equity framework in favor for himself. â€Å"Joana Rice has been strong of her significant other and censured his inconclusive suspension by the NFG†. I picked this statement since I thought that it was extremely stunning that his fianc㠩â ©e that was pounded by Ray Rice is guarding him and blaming the media for getting into their private lives. She is most likely doing this because of dread from him.This identifies with our Families In Canada class since It gives us what a damaging enactments Is and how the man thinks he Is progressively prevailing then the lady. The shopping center motivation behind why I picked this article was that It stunned me that his flanâ ©e was guarding him after the episode and said the media should disregard them. I additionally picked it since I realize this is a customary issue in pro athletics. Episodes like this happen a few times each year and for the most part in the NFG. To finish up this article instructs me this is an awful model for data for guardians and families.Class Question: Why do you think Ray Rice's fianc㠩â ©e safeguarded him after an occurrence like this? By: Matthew Tomato's RAY RICE By illustrators My article is about the NFG football player Ray Rice who was gotten on video he is proficient competitor, he can circumvent the Justice framework in favor for identifies with our Famili es in Canada class since it gives us what a harsh relationship is and how the man thinks he is progressively predominant then the lady. The principle motivation behind why I picked this article was that it stunned me that his fianc㠩â ©e was Aggressive behavior at home â€Å"A savagery that happens between accomplices in a personal connection, for example, marriage, or dwelling together †to live respectively as a couple, for the most part without legitimate or strict authorization. † That's the means by which word reference. com depicts spousal maltreatment. In any case, to me, spousal maltreatment is the point at which one individual in a marriage blessed relationship verbally, intellectually, inwardly, or truly mishandles the other individual in the relationship. Numerous individuals see aggressive behavior at home as just happening to explicit races, ethnicities, class, instruction level or age of the abuser in any case, amazing to many, it happens in all social financial, strict, and social groups.And it tends to be the most harming thing a man or lady would ever experience. In the US, a lady is beaten or ambushed at regular intervals. At any rate one in each three ladies has been beaten, pressured into sex or in any case mishandled during her lifetime all around the globe. Frequently, the abuser is an individual from her own family. Aggressive behavior at home is the main source of injury to ladies †more than fender benders, muggings, and assaults consolidated. Studies recommend that up to 10 million youngsters witness some type of local maltreatment annually.Nearly 1 out of 5 high school young ladies who have been seeing someone a sweetheart undermined brutality or self-hurt whenever gave a separation. Consistently in the US, multiple ladies are killed by their spouses or sweethearts. 92% of ladies reviewed recorded diminishing aggressive behavior at home and rapes as their top concern. What might be compared to 32,000 all day jobs.Based on reports from 10 nations, somewhere in the range of 55% and 95% of ladies who had been truly mishandled by their accomplices had never reached non-administrative associations, covers, or the police for help. The expenses of cozy accomplice viciousness in the only us s urpass $5. 8 billion every year: $4. 1 billion are for direct clinical and human services administrations, while profitability misfortunes sum for about $1. 8 billion. Men who as youngsters saw their folks' aggressive behavior at home were twice bound to manhandle their own spouses than children of peaceful. He generally apologized, and in some cases he would even cry due to the wounds he'd made on her arms or legs or her back. He would state that he loathed what he'd done, yet in the following breath reveal to her she'd merited it. That on the off chance that she'd been increasingly cautious, it wouldn't have occurred. That in the event that she'd been focusing or hadn't been so moronic, he wouldn't have lost his temper. † - Nicholas Sparks, Safe Haven. When individuals consider misuse, they generally appear to pose the inquiry: â€Å"Why don't you simply leave? ,† â€Å"Why did you remain so long in any case? ,† â€Å"How would you be able to cherish somebody who accomplished something to that effect to you? In any case, it's not generally that simple. A lady I know quite well and am very close with was once influenced by spousal maltreatment and she will be the principal individual to state leaving was the hardest thing she's at any point done, yet the most startling and generally entangled. This lady was beaten various occasions by a spouse that â€Å"loved her. † â€Å"At first it wasn't so bad,† she reviews. â€Å"He wasn't generally mean. What's more, when he was being pleasant, I was unable to try and recall the occasions he was being mean. † Abuse is a cycle. It can begin being previously a year, when a month, and heighten to being various occasions a day.Abuse works similar to the pattern of precipitation. At the point when the sun warms up the waterway, it resembles the man blowing up. As the water vanishes and ascends into the air, it resembles the shouting, verbally abusing, enthusiastic part of misuse is interpreted. As the water cools and consolidates to become beads, which structure mists, is the point at which the pushing and the pushing and the slight hitting start. At the point when the water consolidates and tumbles to the ground as downpour or day off, when the beating starts: the punching, the kicking, the battering. What's more, as the downpour gathers, is when apologizes and additionally crying starts. The most noticeably terrible time was the point at which we beat me so awful I was unable to open my eyes for a week,† my companions limits to me. â€Å"Once he got distraught and punched me so hard he split my rib. † â€Å"He later got distraught and showed me out of the bed which surfaces the continuation of the breaking of the rib. † â€Å"He would secure my in the storm cellar for quite a long time since he got distraught. † â€Å"He would tear separated my garments and take a sledge to all the adornments I possessed that wasn't on my body. â €  â€Å"He undermined me. † â€Å"He subverted me, called me names, conversed with me so terrible I thought I was a beast. I would glance in the mirror once every day just to brush my hair and put on my cosmetics. Presently, as you read this I realize you've asked yourself that all inclusive inquiry: â€Å"Why didn't you simply leave? Why'd you let it get so terrible? † But think when you were undermined week by week that he would murder you, however your family, and take your children, leaving would most likely be the keep going thing at the forefront of your thoughts. â€Å"Why didn't you call the cops? † Well, when you didn't need anything more than to imagine that nothing was going on and everything was alright and you were typical simply like every other person, getting law authorization included and making dramatization was unquestionably the exact opposite thing you wanted.But she did at long last get the mental fortitude to leave when she thought of her most established child, and how he'd be beginning school soon. How might you send a kid to class with them seeing his mom getting beaten and him have the option to really have an ordinary existence? Also, trust me this not something that simply occurred all of a sudden. It was an unessential arrangement to get out without him harming her, her family, and in particular, their two children. The story I'll always remember however, is a long time after she left, returning to get her child from the dad's managed appearance, he attempted to kill her.Just thinking about this story sends chills down my spine and carries tears to my eyes. Their child had an occasion at Sunday school he was passing on to go to, and he could just under one condition†¦ She needed to go get him without anyone else. Recalling upon this, she understands what an inept choice she made however at that point, she was centered around her the needs of her kid. As she showed up at his home, she moved toward the entryway, having a hunch that something was truly off-base however she suffaced the inclination and went inside to get her boy.Upon takeoff, the man that had in the past beaten her inquired as to whether he could walk her to the vehicle. This was odd on the grounds that he never requested consent, yet she just disregarded it and consented to it, which would demonstrate later to be the most exceedingly terrible choice of her life. As she came to over to lock in her most seasoned child, she felt the hair on the rear of her neck stand up, she knew something unpleasant was quickly going to occur. She pivoted to her previous spouse, the previous love of her life, unmitigatedly wounding her over and again in the chest with the sheer expectation to kill her.As she stayed there squeezing against the directing wheel as hard as possible, her two youngsters causing a scene, this man, who â€Å"loved this lady more than that anything on the planet,† punched a blade into her chest twelve unique occasions. On the off chance that it hadn't been the man's mom running outside to perceive what all the disturbance was about, this lady likely won't be here today. The lady is most grounded, generally fearless, most excellent lady I know. She is my good example. She was managed the most exceedingly terrible card an actual existence could of been managed and battled through it and is currently one of the most cheerful ladies on the planet.This lady has been there for me through various challenges. She is a pinochle of solidarity. She is the prime model that misuse could most be the most exceedingly awful thing on this planet, however you can traverse and despite the fact that at the time I

Sony Corporation marketing plan

Sony Corporation advertising plan Sony Corporation established in Japan, altered the buyer gadgets field. The Sony got comfortable all through the world for inventive items as the transistor radio, the Trinitron TV, the Walkman tape player, and the minimized plate (CD). The organization likewise participated in other differentiated businesses, for example, amusement, battery fabricate, extra security, and athletic gear. Before the finish of the twentieth century it helped out the Peoples Republic of China to deliver TVs. Sony had become a significant player on the universal market. Sony is a worldwide producer of sound, video, interchanges and data innovation items for customer and expert markets. Sony Corporation is no.1 in its industry, with 60 years of uprightness and great behind its all around perceived brand name. As of late, in any case, it has supported genuine harm to its item quality, client assistance, and notoriety for genuineness and trustworthiness that should be tended to if Sony is to hold its matchless quality. This key arrangement subtleties the companys qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers, proposing a methodology for utilizing them to recover the companys great remaining, just as its base. Sony has accomplished a remaining in the gadgets business matched by none. It has almost widespread brand acknowledgment, and that brand represents quality, advancement, honesty, and administration. Sonys predictable endeavors to keep its finger on the beat of development have made it the pioneer in numerous gadgets revelations, for example, the main Japanese recording device and the primary Japanese radio, just as the minimal circle. Sony has an enormous base of clients who for quite a while have wouldn't accepting some other brand however Sony when it came to hardware. Sony Corporation has an exceptional culture which is immovably established. The innovative work segment of Sony varies enormously from different organizations with its incredible adaptability, Sony; is a customary Japanese organization from multiple points of view. There is life-time business, with solid standards and qualities which thus make procedures through their activities. Sony conveys exciting computerized amusement encounters by gaining by the cooperative energy between its hardware business, content creation capacities and film, music, versatile and PC games interests. As a world head in top notch, Sony as of now offers an energizing scope of communicate and purchaser HD items, just as substance resources that are driving the business towards HD digitalization. Advertising Plan of Sony Corporation Advertising plan of Sony comprises of the accompanying system: Reason and Mission Situational Analysis Showcasing Strategy and Objectives Extra Consideration This showcasing plan is planned for featuring one of the product offering expansions of Sony Corporation. It principally centers around the inside and outer condition of Sony Corporation. Aside from that this arrangement incorporate the advertising procedures, brand advancement systems, showcasing blend included and different activities which Sony Corporation took. SWOT examination one of the significant substance which is remembered for this showcasing plan. Reason and Mission The principle reason for this advertising plan is to break down different parts of product offering augmentation by Sony Corporation. Here the picked product offering expansion is Sony-Bravia. The strategic this arrangement is to see if Sony-Bravia has met Sony-Corporations desires before propelling this item in the market. Sony-Corporation is one of the universes driving computerized amusement brands, offering an exceptional arrangement of energizing interactive media content. Sonys mission is to resolve to build up a wide scope of creative items and sight and sound administrations that challenge the manner in which buyers get to and appreciate advanced diversion. By guaranteeing cooperative energy between organizations inside the association, Sony is continually endeavoring to make energizing new universes of diversion that can be experienced on a wide range of items. Sony centers around reinforcing its exceptionally significant hardware business and keep up advertise administration in prominent territories, for example, TVs, computerized imaging, home video gear and versatile sound. To accomplish this, Sony is seeking after three corporate activities: The Customer Viewpoint Initiative underlines the significance to staff of survey Sony, its items and administrations from a client point of view. The Technology Nr. 1 Initiative spotlights on fortifying Sonys bleeding edge innovations in the regions focused for most extreme speculation of assets, including TVs, home video gear, computerized imaging hardware and Walkman The Genba Initiative targets fortifying forefront tasks (genba in Japanese, for example, structure areas, producing offices and deals workplaces. 2. Circumstance Analysis In creating BRAVIA, Sony united its most developed plan, assembling and deals capacities. Sony fused recently created Sony Panels and different advancements for extraordinary picture quality and formulated a high effect promoting program. BRAVIA as of now holds the worldwide No. 1 situation for LCD TVs. Sony intended to convey a straightforward message that the shading you see on these screens is like.no.other. This was the message given by Sony Corporation while propelling Sony-Bravia. BRAVIA, an abbreviation for Best Resolution Audio Visual Integrated Architecture, was first presented in the United States with Sonys level board LCD HDTV line in late 2005. Inward condition of Sony Corporation So as to use constrained assets, Sony advances item plans that preserve materials by measures, for example, assets reusing and utilization of reused materials. Sony deals with the synthetic substances we use in items and at locales in a dependable way which depends on prudent methodology. Sony is finding a way to ensure biodiversity at its locales through site greening exercises and activities planned for assisting with reestablishing regions outside its destinations to their characteristic state. In assembling and non-fabricating locales around the world, Sony completes steady natural exercises dependent on arrangements, for example, Sony Groups ecological mid-run targets. Sony endeavors to give naturally cognizant items through measures, for example, directing item ecological appraisals. Sony unequivocally has faith in the significance of educating partners that incorporate clients about our natural way of thinking and activities. Moreover, workers of each gathering organization get ecological preparing and other self improvement projects to help raise representative mindfulness on the earth. The best resource of Sony is of its human capital, particularly its designers which make up the RD division. Their consistent development is essential for a buyer electronic firm which spends significant time in broad media hardware and the higher overall revenue, which originates from being the pioneer of the agreement. Outside Environment of Sony Corporation Rivalry: Sony was the wasteful in assembling structures which decline Sonys quality that severely influences their notoriety and caused a decrease in item seriousness. Market: Sony was deficient in reacting to the move of market request and losing of its upper hands. Innovation: To carry scaling down to its item, Sony guarantees that technologists, designers, and advertisers have a common comprehension of client needs and of mechanical prospects so as to turn out to be more client orientated with the intend to increment upper hand, just as make more worth included exercises. In this manner, we can see that remembering the accompanying previously mentioned ecological viewpoints; they can dispatch an item in the market. Sony Corporation needs to remember the difficulties looked by them before and the mix-ups made in the past which has influenced their notoriety. They have under gone a genuine arrangement for their future. Promoting Strategies Promoting procedures utilized by Sony Corporation is extremely powerful that it has made an incentive in buyers brain to the item offered by them. Sony has focused on its product offering BRAVIA in the urban territories, in large urban areas like New Delhi, Pune, Mumbai and so on. In above all this spots, Sony has in excess of four distinct wholesalers like Sony world and furthermore they have Sony administration focuses. For the clients in urban territories the gracefully is by all accounts good, however the rustic zones are forgotten about. Sonys Marketing Mix comprises of: Item Cost Advancement Spot Item: Product is a substantial thing which is utilized to fulfill a specific need. Sony Corporation propelled an item called Sony-BRAVIA. BRAVIA is a Sony brand used to advertise its top quality LCD TVs, projection TVs and front projectors, alongside its home film go under the sub-brand BRAVIA Theater. The BRAVIA name is an abbreviation of Best Resolution Audio Visual Integrated Architecture. In giving a wide scope of items and administrations with top notch, Sony has by a long shot impacted a large portion of the its clients recognition well towards its items Value: Pricing choices are quite often made in conference with advertising the executives. Cost is the main showcasing blend variable that can be adjusted rapidly. Value factors, for example, vendor value, retail value, limits, recompenses, credit terms and so on impact the improvement of promoting procedure, as cost is a main consideration that impacts the evaluation of significant worth acquired by clients. Clients straightforwardly relate cost to quality, especially if there should be an occurrence of items that are sense of self escalated of innovation based. Sony being an organization which underlines item quality, it will in general sell its items with value run from modestly high to significant expenses, contingent upon the utilization and the focused on clients. Despite the fact that the costs forced by Sony is by all accounts reasonable with thought of the nature of the items and administrations offered , the main issue is that, Sony has evaluated its produc

How to Encourage More People to Donate Their Organs Free Essays

1) Many of the individuals who get organs have self-harmed their own organs, for example, by sedate utilize or other flippant practices (eating designs, sexual movement designs, and so on ). There are measures taken by the clinical network to guarantee that they’re not occupied with these practices while they’re sitting tight for an organ yet that doesn’t change the historical backdrop of the practices or how the harm was finished. We will compose a custom paper test on The most effective method to Encourage More People to Donate Their Organs or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now 2) Most of the individuals will have abbreviated life expectancies at any rate regardless of whether they get the organ. ) Most of the individuals who get organs will encounter a variety of intricacies which will diminish their personal satisfaction and force progressing, frequently long lasting, monetary expenses. 4) The prompt and progressing expenses of transplanting organs is extremely high and that cost can regularly be spent better in different manners, for example, by improving wellbeing training and avoidance, illicit drug use treatment, neonatal consideration, sustenance, hereditary research, counterfeit tissue investigate, and so forth 5) Because of the significant expenses included, organ transplants are now and again got through a bootleg market wherein you have the rich profiting and the exceptionally poor selling their organs. This error in access would, somewhat, stay regardless of whether everybody were an organ benefactor. 6) Some individuals are anxious about the possibility that that not exactly full endeavors may be made to revive them on the off chance that they are a known organ giver. For instance, they’re engaged with a mishap and afterward after brief endeavors are made to revive them they are left beyond words their organs collected despite the fact that on the off chance that somebody had invested somewhat more energy they’d be alive. In spite of the fact that this dread is fundamentally unwarranted at any rate in most of the created world, it isn't totally an outlandish dread and it would have some authenticity in certain pieces of the world. ) Many individuals see the body as consecrated so that we can never be ethically committed to leave behind any piece of it or to get any piece of anothers. Actually a few people fortify this view from â€Å"not obligated† to â€Å"o bligated to not†, and there are a scope of perspectives in the middle. This feeling of the â€Å"sacredness† of the body need not show in an explicitly strict manner yet essentially as an instinctive offensiveness at the idea of disturbing ones standard real association considerably in the afterlife. Anyway it might show in strict manners too and is the reason such huge numbers of societies have occupied with custom burial, preservation and treating, and dislike things like grave-ransacking, incineration, and so forth. The instinct is, pretty much, that when you damage the body, even in death, you show a lack of respect both for the life of the individual whose body it was and for life as a rule by making every one of us only potential items for each other. This connects to point 5. The opposite of this comes toward the start as opposed as far as possible of life and includes not the activity of selling organs but rather of selling youngsters and of imagining kids explicitly to reap their organs. These things really do and have occurred and, sensibly, they spurn numerous individuals. 8) The donater is typically incapable to practice any carefulness concerning who gets the organ or judge their legitimacy to get it. 9) The donater is normally absolutely uninformed of the beneficiary and feels no commitment to them. This absence of felt commitment is, obviously, responded. 0) Although, similarly likewise with inoculation programs, the expenses of gift could be brought down by making it compulsory, this is probably not going to occur (see 7) and, in the event that it happened, would probably be mishandled (see 5). Together these all give imposing motivations to not give. Despite the fact that there may stay a few cases to which a portion of the contentions don’t similarly apply, for example, cornea transplants and skin unites and transplants for the youthful and in any case sound and gifts to those you know, the contentions against numerous types of gift and numerous cases thereof are still weightier than you may might suspect. The most effective method to refer to How to Encourage More People to Donate Their Organs, Essays

Extent did economic, political free essay sample

In spite of the fact that the pioneers lives changed fundamentally from numerous points of view after the American Revolution, the monetary, political, and social transformations are seen to be the most sensational. The American Revolution was the war between the American provinces and Great Britain from 1775-1783 . Most consider this war not to be a patriot upheaval, where the entirety of the progressives was to upset the current framework, but instead to set up the North American provinces as an Independent country. There were broad monetary issues and changes after the AmericanRevolution, since America would not pay charges to England. The imposing taxes without any political benefit motto of the was sufficient to convince pilgrims to activity. There was no genuine class with destitution, yet financial weight added to a sentiment of the state of affairs being run constrained the settlers monetary action. The Revolution gave the methods important to give the most help to vendors Interests sprouting business, the free market, and exchange. We will compose a custom exposition test on Degree did monetary, political or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Political change was additionally a result of the Revolution.This war happened in part in light of the fact that the reasonable constraints of the English political field made any approach that would coordinate the pioneer wishes out of reach. America is perceived to have approached from Its Revolution with a progressively proficient and brought together government. The Revolution berthed numerous advances, Including the detachment of chapel and state, ideas of individual rights and equities, the assignment of intensity through composed constitutions, and the thought that the administration ought to be by assent of the people.Some state, after the Revolution, authority and freedom didn't spill out of the ideological group of the general public yet from the arrangement of its own connections, influencing social turn of events. Distinctive social classes needed the upheaval for differing reasons. Well off nationalists were looking to autonomy to liberate themselves from British tax assessment and land constraints, however were anticipating staying in charge of the subsequent country. Experts and dealers were taking a gander at freedom as a method for dropping the benefits of the elite.The high society required the guide of the lower, yet were uneasy of their progressively extreme objectives. John Adams, albeit part of the world class more by training than fiscal worth, considered Pains Common Sense for Its ridiculous equitably ideas it proposed. Indeed, even inside the American loyalists, there were numerous different groups of the gathering, typically controlled by a people social and good standings. The Federalists (counting John Jay and George Washington) were an increasingly preservationist group generally observed as charmed with sparing the riches and influence of the more upstanding individuals of pi lgrim society. Then again, men as speaking to the less fortunate side of society, and advancing political equity. Where some think the American Revolution was not progressive by any stretch of the imagination, others trust it was justified as such by setting up another, fantastic system. Regardless of what one thinks about this, there are true parts of America that significantly changed after the war, the most significant being the economy, political structure, and public activity.

Aging Out of Foster Care - Free Essay Example

Every year over 20,000 foster care youth are released from care to go out on their own and start a new life as a productive adult in society, or at least thats the hopeful result when the state releases youth from care. Across the nation, the youth that are being released from care are being released without the knowledge and skills necessary to be a working productive adult in the real world. These youth are given slim to no guidance upon being released and following release. In result, they are quickly faced with a multitude of challenges that the typical teenager is not faced with after turning eighteen. When aging out of care youth are confronted with challenges such as educational, mental, financial, and many others, in response the state child welfare systems across the nation have worked to provide programs to help youth in their process as they learn true independence. So how are youth aging out of foster care truly being helped in combating the challenges of entering adulthood and gaining self-sufficiency through independent living programs? With increasing rates of homelessness among aged out foster care youth the federal government initiated the Title IV-E Independent Living Initiative of 1986. This provided states with the funds to prepare teenage youth from the age of sixteen and up in foster care for the shift into adulthood. Since 1986 states have developed these programs that provide great training and teach the youth many useful skills for entering adulthood, though these programs and the types and quality vary widely across the country (Fowler). Evidence expressing the effectiveness following the implementation of Independent Living Programs though was far and few. Because of this, the John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence program of 1999 was put into action for more flexible funding so that states could create a multitude of various programs to help educate and teach youth that were soon to age out and youth that have left care but were under the age of twenty-one. Since the enactment of the John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence program there has been a renewed effort to address the challenges foster care youth are faced with, since most outcomes are still showing horrible results (Scannapieco). There are many Independent living programs all over the United States and the quality of the programs can differ from state to state and county to county. In the state of Georgia one of the most successful Independent Living Programs is the New Beginnings program from Goshen valley. The goal of the program is to empower and emotionally support adult youth to help make the transition from foster care to independence (Independent Living Youth Handbook). This program helps youth become responsible and goal oriented and provides 24-hour support to the adult youth. All the youth in the program live in apartments with other youth and go to weekly life skills meetings where they meet with their life coaches and therapist. These life coaches provide help through teaching life skills such as communication, decision making, and conflict management. In addition, life coaches help youth obtain educational, vocational, and employment opportunities and even help find and provide transportation for all. The new beginnings program not only helps provide youth with a roof over their head, but also provides them with an unlimited phone service plan and a monthly food allowance of $200 which is split up over four weeks. In addition to the food allowance and service plan, the program also helps the youth obtain a drivers license, which is otherwise a hard task to get done for many youths while in foster care. After obtaining a license the youth can then use program vehicles as allotted for school, work, and personal life. The program also teaches the youths the importance of saving and helps them in the process of obtaining their own vehicles. The program has its rules as well to administer necessary discipline the youth need instilled. The way the program works is through a carefully developed Individual learning plan, which determines the advancement through the three-tier system the youth advance through over time and by exemplifying maturity. Each tier allots for a later curfew, less supervision, and less required saving percentages from your paychecks. With such a program providing such services for youth that are aging out of care or have aged out of care might have you asking why the results of aged out youth are still so heartbreaking. Well programs as successful as new beginnings are very rare and cost a lot of money to run and require the right people running it. In 2017 alone, the new beginnings program was able to serve 34 young women and men, allowing for six new young adults the opportunity to start college, and discharged five young adults into independently living in the community (2017 annual report). Through the new beginnings program the average savings account balance for youth was around $20,349.28, with over 25 youths having six months or more of steady employment. The total drivers license achieved by youth was 15, with a total of 17 cars purchased by youth. Thanks to the program nine youths were able to graduate from high school and five from college (PQI report). All great accomplishments but coming at a cost of just over one million dollars. With over 20,000 youth branching out of care every year the cost can be astounding.

An Overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening Free Essay Example, 1000 words

This showed that American administration that the country was vulnerable to acts of terror, and it was imperative that measures are taken to secure the country’s security. This necessitated the debate on the issue by the country’s congress, which resulted in the enacting of the patriot act. The act had a significant impact in law enforcement and gathering of intelligence in the US. The act enabled the intelligence community and the law enforcers to extend their mandate. This enabled them to take action on terrorists and their accomplices with minimal interference from the law. Before the act, the public enjoyed protection from the constitution, creating a loophole through which terrorists had taken advantage of carrying out acts of terror. The act aimed to remove this barrier, but at the same time act within the confines of the law. Through this action, law enforcement bodies had more depth and capability of efficiently preventing acts of terror, and ensure that justic e is swift for the perpetrators of terrorist acts. Importance of Inter-Disciplinary Study and Research in Law Enforcement Inter-disciplinary studies are essential since they widen the scope of the disciplines enabling individuals to understand more holistically the issues that affect the community. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Inter-disciplinary studies also help the society understand how the different aspects of life are interrelated (Worley and British and Irish Association of Law Librarians, 2005). The application of law in the lives of human beings facilitates their coexistence. This shows that the discipline of law is not independent, but includes various aspects of humanity (Maharg, 2007). Inter-disciplinary studies involve the drawing of insights from the diverse disciplines in order to have a wider understanding on the issues of law, and how they affect life. This is made possible by interlinking various disciplines that include humanities and the disciplines in social sciences. Law enforcers should be able to understand how law affects the society (Maharg, 2007). This will enable them to understand the gravity of their mandate and the responsibility that comes with their duty. This study will enable the law enforcers to study the significance of law in society, by linking the discipline of law with other relevant disciplines. Trough this action, the law enforcers will have a better understanding in matters regarding their mandate in that they will be better placed to enforce the law. For instance, the law enforcers face numerous challenges while fighting terrorism in that there are social implications when they are carrying out their duties.

Social Reconstruction And Its Impact On Education

Abstract Social Reconstruction is a viewpoint or philosophy of education that centers on utilizing education to eradicate social inequities. Supporters of this theory maintain clear views of education. What the function of the teacher will have to be, what the character of curriculum and will have to be, and what the procedure of guideline inside classrooms should be. The role of the teacher is to generate enlightening and thought-provoking classes so that it will open their students’ perceptions of social inequities. Supporters of Social Reconstruction considers the character of curriculum and assessments will have to be the material that will inform pupils as well as invoke emotions inside them. Finally, they suppose that the process of teaching within the classroom must be student orientated. I think this philosophy is beneficial to our society. Social Reconstruction in Education Establishing an educational philosophy is a prominent part of becoming an instructor. One’s beliefs determine how and what they will teach. I believe that education is a personal, exact experience for each scholar who enters a school room. While reading the assignment material the Philosophical Assessment in Kauchak Eggen: Chapter 5 pg. 169 - 170 (Examining Your Beliefs) I learned that my philosophy of education is Social Reconstruction, which is a philosophy of instruction that centers on utilizing knowledge to get rid of social inequities. Kauchak Eggen describe Social Reconstruction asShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Reconstruction779 Words   |  4 Pages The Impacts of the Reconstruction: Continuity and Change Overcoming human prejudice is one of the most difficult challenges any society has faced throughout human history, and will continue to face in the future. During the post-Civil War time period, Radical Republicans and other societal activists made significant efforts in the realm of civil rights. Throughout the time period, three new constitutional amendments were created, education was expanded, and the black population was able to participateRead More‘the Slaves Went Free and Stood for a Brief Moment in the Sun’ Du Bois; How Valid Is This View?888 Words   |  4 Pagesthe sun’ Du Bois; How valid is this view? In 1865 reconstruction begun with the aim of securing racial equality between blacks and whites in the southern states. Du Bois believes that during this period blacks ‘stood for a brief moment in the sun’. There were significant improvements to black lies that took place during this period such as their freedom of movement, re-unification of family units and improvements in education. However reconstruction also failed to secure racial equality in many waysRead MoreImpact Of The Civil War On African Americans860 Words   |  4 PagesCivil War, was terrifying. Then the Reconstruction era was born to restore, reinstate, and unite the United States as one. During the Reconstruction of 1865 through 1867, African American lives were impacted economically because they were given few rights and their resources were limited, socially because they wanted to be given an ordinary lifestyle, and politically because they weren’t allowed to be joined or linked with the govern ment. The economic impact on African Americans is their rightsRead MoreReconstruction Of Post Disaster Reconstruction Projects896 Words   |  4 PagesPost-disaster reconstruction projects are influenced by administrative, political, social, economic, and cultural settings. The likelihood of success of such projects diminishes if and when systematic recovery plans are absent and the project cost and time overruns. Inadequate relevant policies and legal systems and domination from economically or politically powerful groups/persons in planning and decision making processes further weaken the reconstruction process. Furthermore, ignoring the communicationRead MoreFrom The Reconstruction Era Through 1929 American Changed1441 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the Reconstruction Era through 1929 American changed drastically, economically, socially, and politically. The development of America’s society, economics, and politics is what defined America as a country. Of the three major ways that America developed from the Reconstruction era through 1929, the greatest catalyst for change was the economic developments because the rise and fall of the economy influenced both social and political developments. The development of America’s economy from theRead MoreAfrican American and Black People Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical leaders during Reconstruction? Reconstruction brought important social changes to former slaves. Families that had been separated before and during the Civil War were reunited, and slave marriages were formalized through legally recognized ceremonies. Families also took advantage of the schools established by the Freedmens Bureau and the expansion of public education, albeit segregated, under the Reconstruction legislatures. New opportunities for higher education also became available withRead More Characteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction The key goals of Reconstruction were to readmit the South into the Union and to define the status of freedmen in American society. The Reconstruction era was marked by political, not violent, conflict. Some historical myths are that the South was victimized by Reconstruction, and that the various plans of Reconstruction were corrupt and unjust. Actually, the plans were quite lenient, enforcing military rule for only a short periodRead MoreUs History Midterm Review777 Words   |  4 Pages 6. Identify the two houses of Congress and the term length of each. 7. What percentage of Congress has to vote to override a veto? Reconstruction: What was Reconstruction? 1. Who assassinated President Lincoln? 2. What were Black Codes and in what ways did they discriminate against freed slaves? 3. What were the Reconstruction Amendments? Be able to identify each of the three. 4. What was the purpose of the Freedman’s Bureau? 5. What was the 10% Plan? WhoRead MoreSlavery And United States Rights1133 Words   |  5 Pagesand behavior. Children who lived in northern states were able to receive their education, convicts could serve their sentences, and people could have been buried in cemeteries but on major thing is that they all had to be segregated. African Americans that lived in the southern states lived their life in feared of violence and racism. Many endured mobs lynching, whipped and branded with hot iron. When the Reconstruction period started many Americans believed that everyone should have the same constitutionalRead MoreJim Crow Laws Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pageslaws and customs that imposed racial segregation and discrimination on Africans†, Jim Crow Laws were ubiquitous in America from the 1860’s to the 1960’s (Jim Crow Movement). These Jim Crow Laws came into effect after the end of the Reconstruction Era and restricted the social, political and economic rights o f African Americans. Unlike the De Jure Segregation of Jim Crow Laws, Jim Crow Etiquette represented the De Facto Segregation in America-- segregation based on customs and practices rather than law

Fullers Leila - 2374 Words

Methodological Introduction New historicism is premised upon an ideological attempt to wed the practice of history and literary criticism. In this type of textual analysis, the literary work is juxtaposed with historical events (characteristic of the time period in which the work was produced) in an effort to understand the implications within the text. This line of inquiry serves to recover a historical consciousness which may be utilized in the rendering of literary theory. Poems and novels came to be seen in isolation, as urnlike objects of precious beauty. The new historicists, whatever their differences and however defined, want us to see that even the most unlike poems are caught in a web of historical conditions,†¦show more content†¦Fullers role as a nineteenth century intellectual, influential to American society, and her conceptualization of gender norms, as conveyed in Leila may be studied in an effort to historicize alternative forms of the gender construct, which emerged during this era. L iterary deconstructive techniques provide a methodology in order to access the contradictions and tension present within Fullers gender conceptualization and perception of intellectual roles. However, such techniques are not reflective of an adequate historical analysis, in that the assumption of some degree of universality and application of a framework which is contingent upon a methodology contextualized to the present seems to produce an analysis which is reflective of an intrinsic bias. The examination of Margaret Fullers biography in the context of her specific gender conceptualization ultimately lends to the analysis of the manifestation of this ideology within her work. In order to discuss the historical context which surrounded Fullers Leila, it is important to situate Fuller within the collective notion of Transcendentalism. Fullers alternative conceptualization of the gender norm cannot be separated from her history as an intellectual. For Fuller, a large part of her

Essay about geoffrey chaucers use of sarcasm to describe...

Geoffrey Chaucers use of sarcasm to describe his characters. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Geoffrey Chaucer used sarcasm to describe his characters in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales.† It will point out details that are seen in the book that help explain how he used this sarcasm to prove a point and to teach life lessons sometimes. I will also point out how this sarcasm was aimed at telling the reader his point of view about how corrupt the Catholic Church was. Chaucer uses an abundance of sarcasm, as opposed to seriousness, to describe his characters in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Chaucer did not begin working on â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† until he was in his early 40s. Chaucer took his†¦show more content†¦Phoebus was heart-broken and in a fury killed his wife. (188) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Now, you can see the sarcasm in this tale already by looking at the way he said â€Å"free spirit† and then â€Å"caged animal† to describe her. One of these statements is not true and is just another sarcastic remark. At first, the reader can’t tell if Phoebus really cares and watches over her or if he just doesn’t care at all. But, as you read on, you can obviously tell that he did really care and probably tried to watch over her as much as he could. But Chaucer once again uses sarcasm to get his point across. And that point is that no matter how much we try to control a person, who has free will, they will always have their own thoughts and opinions, or in this case, feelings. So Chaucer used a sarcastic way of saying that Phoebus tried to guard her like she was a caged animal, and keep her locked up, but she still found a way to do what she wanted to do because nobody can be watched and controlled like a caged animal. Their wil l always be free will. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Chaucer uses sarcasm, once again, this time to describe the Summoner. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There lived a limiter in Holderness, a marshy region in Yorkshire, who used to go around preaching to people and begging for alms. (95) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"He was a drunkard who did nothing but scream in Latin and kidsShow MoreRelatedGeoffrey Chaucers Use of Sarcasm to Describe His Characters1779 Words   |  8 PagesGeoffrey Chaucers use of sarcasm to describe his characters. Geoffrey Chaucer used sarcasm to describe his characters in The Canterbury Tales. It will point out details that are seen in the book that help explain how he used this sarcasm to prove a point and to teach life lessons sometimes. I will also point out how this sarcasm was aimed at telling the reader his point of view about how corrupt the Catholic Church was. Chaucer uses an abundance of sarcasm, as opposed to seriousness, to describeRead MoreTheme Of Feudal Class In The Canterbury Tales1218 Words   |  5 Pagescompany (lines 711-14). Geoffrey Chaucer explains to his readers that he has given a full description of each of his fellow pilgrims in his General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales. Along with naming each character, he provides their profession which classifies each pilgrim into one of three social classes: the religious class, the merchant class, or feudal order. Chaucer provides a social commentary of the major social classes of his day, and though he criticizes characte rs from each class, he mostRead MoreTones, Moods, and Irony in the Canterbury Tales833 Words   |  4 PagesForms of speech and intonation are extremely important to capture the attention of the audience, whether it is in writing or spoken aloud. In literature, the author uses some literary devices to entice the reader and extract some sort of reaction from him or her. Tone is a literary technique that shows the author’s attitude towards the audience or reader. The tone of a literary work can be informal, formal, serious, angry, playful, intimate, etc. Similar to tone is mood, which is the createdRead MoreUse Of Satire In Canterbury Tales1301 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis of Chaucer’s use of satire to reach his intended audience in his Canterbury Tales) Satire is defined as â€Å"the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues† (Oxford). Another term that people would be more familiar with to describe this would be sarcasm. Language can be utilized in a nasty way, especially when wanting to demoralize another. Sarcasm is evil in andRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer View and Change on Judgement968 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization. Geoffrey Chaucer is one of these people, but he actually did something about it. He had problems with some social aspects during the 1300s which included the church, gender differences, and hypocrisy. He wrote about these problems in a set of tales widely known as The Canterbury Tales. The first is The General Prologue which describes a pilgrimage to Canterbury that many people endure, but on this specific journey, twenty-nine different people travel together to Canterbur y. He uses two typesRead MoreSub--Chaucer art of characterization as found in prologue of Canterbury by marufa sultana.2939 Words   |  12 PagesChaucer begins the Prologue with a beautiful announcement of spring. This introduction is the voice of the Poet, polished, elegant, and finished. He tells us that just as Nature has a predictable course through the seasons, so does human nature follow a seasonal pattern, which causes people to want to break out of winters confinement and go traveling in the spring. Thus the stage is set for Chaucer, who is the Narrator of this poem. Twenty-nine travelers meet at the Tabard Inn in London beforeRead More Masculinity in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale Essay2175 Words   |  9 Pages  Ã‚   The Wife of Bath, with the energy of her vernacular and the voraciousness of her sexual appetite, is one of the most vividly developed characters of The Canterbury Tales. At 856 lines her prologue, or preambulacioun as the Summoner calls it, is the longest of any of the pilgrims, and matches the General Prologue but for a few lines. Evidently Chaucer is infatuated with Alisoun, as he plays satirically with both gender and class issues through the Wifes robust rhetoric. Scholars and studentsRead More Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesEglentine, Chaucer?s Prioress, demonstrates an excellent example of the clash between divergent values. In many ways, her description in the General Prologue personifies the model medieval woman: religious, elegant, innocent, loving and sentimental. Yet clearly there is a vast contrast between her description and the vicious, anti-Semitic account of the young boy mutilated in the Ghetto. It is this contrast which points out the ?binaries? or opposites which make up the Prioress?s character. Her tale

The Effects Of Advertising On Society Essay - 573 Words

The Effects of Advertising on Society nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fr. Kavanaugh was on the mark when describing the effects of advertising on society. Our moral values are being degraded by the bombardment of impropriety by the media. Adler would be quick in pointing out the reason why these messages have such a negative effect on people. There are two main tactics advertisers use to sell their product: either imply that their product will bring about the achievement of a particular (usually real) good, or make their product the object of desire, therefore making it an apparent good to people. The problem with associating products with the achievement of a good lies more in the realm of truth than in good, because it lies in whether†¦show more content†¦Though these products are by no means needs, the associations make people believe that the advertised product embodies the good they need, and to achieve that good they must buy the product. Companies dont advertise perfumes, for example; they advertise relationship s. They dont advertise clothing; they advertise independence. Slowly, as people hear these messages more and more, they start associating more importance to the product than to the good involved, like a sort of idol-worship -- and here is where the real problems set in. Now that advertisers have people sold on the product, they can influence peoples desires. This is what Fr. Kavanaugh saw when he said that advertising is damaging societys moral values. Calvin Klein, for example, has already become one of those companies whose product has become more important than the good they represent -- in other words, Calvin Klein products are now in and of themselves the good some people try to achieve. Thus, when their ads show immoral situations or actions (like the infamous child pornography ads that spurred many debates and a lawsuit against the company), people associate these immoral actions with the quot;goodquot; Calvin Klein products, and people will slowly grow desensitized to them. Advertising, therefore, plays a notable role in the moral growth -- or stunting --Show MoreRelatedEffect Of Advertising On Society Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesTalking about advertising, on the one hand, it is good for its functions, displays, etc.; on the other hand, sometimes it is too good to be true, the way they bring the messages to the consumers whic h state â€Å"the number one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . What truly are the miscommunications and how do the viewers react to different types of stimulation among those, are there negative or positive results? This review of literature scope was led by the following question: When it comes to communication and advertising are there positiveRead MoreAdvertising And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 Pageslogo, and flyers left on windshields as a form of advertising (2011, p.130). According to Medoff and Kaye, advertising serves an educational, social and economic purpose (2011, p.137). Although advertising appears beneficial in many features, it too has its drawbacks and can be similarly unfavorable. Advertising will perhaps become increasingly ubiquitous, increasingly influential, and increasingly controversial (Advertising, 2011, p.152). Advertising is highly criticized, not so much for its very natureRead MoreAdvertising And Its Effects On Society1167 Words   |  5 PagesCome To Advertising has found ways to be subtle about how they go about demeaning and dehumanizing different genders, races, ages, ethnicities, cultures, and sexual orientations. Society would like to believe that advertising has improved from the days of showing women’s place in the kitchen and only having light skinned models but now advertising companies have just become sneakier and wittier about the way they portray people and the worst part is that society encourages it. Society, as a wholeRead MoreThe Effect Of Advertising On Society1911 Words   |  8 Pagespromotions as they see it as an essential tool in an increasingly capitalistic free market to fuel economic growth. Unfortunately, the surge of unchecked advertising has lead to some adverse effects on societies whether they be moral or ethical in nature. The SAFRA gym advertisement, is an impeccable example of the adverse effects of advertising in today’s society. The advertisement depicts a lean woman who is wear ing purple tank top and tight black leggings working out uncomfortably, as two men watched herRead MoreAdvertising And Its Effect On Society1442 Words   |  6 Pagesproduct. Although sometimes advertising can be quite annoying, it can also help in persuading you to buy a product or service. You may be looking for a specific product for a specific purpose or maybe you have heard of a product simply through its exemplary advertising. There are different viewpoints to advertising and many different ways that it appeals and relates to us as individuals and as a society. Today, in order for the advertisements to stay true to their advertising, there has been a set ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The Society936 Words   |  4 Pagesmarket; conversely competition can go too far or form into something entirely different. In addition, some companies will do anything to boost sales even if that means sacrificing common etiquette or logic to the masses and against their rivals. Adv ertising is always evolving and adapting, and for now companies and their advertisers through their advertisements are appearing more cynical and critical by the day. Competition has been a motivating force since man was created. It is a driving pressureRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Advertising on Society 1585 Words   |  7 PagesIn a society where malls have replaced parks, churches and community gatherings, many people no longer take time to meet their neighbors; people move frequently as though cities are products to be tried, like differing brands of shampoo. These unfortunate occurrences can be the result of many causes, one of them being advertising. Advertising is designed to foster a desire to purchase goods and services, yet it is much deeper than that—advertising is a system of effective manipulation that twistsRead MoreNegative Effects Of Advertising On Society713 Words   |  3 PagesSociety is constantly being exposed to loads of information through advertisements, but not many people stop to think of the effects of such exposure. Consumer’s lack of regard for the information thrown at them is a gateway for shady c orporations to poison innocent minds. Society has an unknown poison- advertisement. Massive corporations get away with influencing the minds of unsuspecting masses by merely stating that advertisements from their company simply inform the public. Advertising can haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On Our Society1504 Words   |  7 Pagesunrealistic ideology of body perfection. This kind of product pushing comes with many different side effects that we as a consumer, might not realize. It is so detrimental that it becomes imbedded in your subconscious. Technology has made it to the point where it’s hard to tell what is real and fake. Advertising has created a pandemic in the way we view the body image of ourselves and the opposite sex in society. The â€Å"perfect† image is damaging to people causing an alarming growth in the form of psychologicalRead MorePhotography in Advertising and Its Effects on Society3789 Words   |  16 Pagesfocused on documenting dying t raditions, practices, and ways of life. In 1874, the Society for Photographing the Relics of Old London was founded. In 1897 the National Photographic Record Association was founded by Sir Benjamin Stone with the aim of documenting dying rural ceremonies and traditional festivals in England.(McQuire 125) Even as early as 1855, Sir Fredrick Pollock, in a speech to the Photographic Society of London stressed the importance of the camera in its role to forever preserve

Natural Monopoly Identification and Regulation

Question: Discuss about the Natural Monopoly Identification and Regulation. Answer: Introduction: According to Vikharev (2013), a natural monopoly exists in an industry when the only firm experiences are decreasing cost condition over a long range of output due to economies of scale. In this situation, if the market is divided among more than one firm, then average cost (AC) will be higher. Therefore, from the point of view of cost minimization, it is better that only one firm should exist in such an industry. From the point of view of Stiglitz Rosengard (2015), it can be notified that natural monopoly exists in public utility services such as transport, communication, and supply of electricity, fuel, water and much more. In this perspective, the government of the concerned country intervenes in the market and regulates the market price at that point where the demand curve cuts the average total cost curve. The main reason behind the fact is that it covers the unwanted loss in the economy. As argued by Nizovtseva (2013), the cost-benefit analysis is the main motive of the government. In this research essay, the regulation of the government in the natural monopoly has been critically analyzed along with the cost-benefit approach. Discussion: To critically analyze the reason of government regulation in the natural monopoly, the researcher needs to consider the equilibrium condition and profit maximization point of the monopoly market. According to Minamihashi (2012), a monopoly is said to prevail if there is a single seller in the market for a product which has no close substitutes and there are barriers to entry and exit. Apart from this, sometimes the size of the market may be such as not to support more than one firm of optimum size (Saglam, 2016). The examples are transport, electricity, telephone, fuel and water. There are substantial economies which can be reaped at a large scale of output. A single firm can supply the desired output at a lower cost than two or smaller forms can. These types of firms are known as natural monopolies (Soda Carlone, 2013). In the monopoly market, the short-run equilibrium of a monopolist occurs at the point where Marginal Revenue (MR) = Marginal Cost (MC) and the slope of MR is less than the slope of MC. As per this figure, the short-run equilibrium point under monopoly market is E at which the above stated two conditions are satisfied. As a result, the equilibrium price is p* and the equilibrium quantity is q* under the monopoly market. On the other hand, as per this figure, the ATC is less than the equilibrium price of monopoly (p*). Thus, the rectangular area p*cdf represents the profit of the monopoly firm under short-run. In this situation, both the MC and ATC is upward rising, and the monopoly firm attains the supernormal profit. Therefore, the government has no power to regulate its equilibrium price and quantity (Wang Yang, 2012). In the case of long-run also, monopoly firm achieves the profit, and there is no need to government regulation for setting the price according to its opinion. According to this figure, the long-run equilibrium is at the point E at which MR = LMC = LAC = SMC = SAC and change in MR are less than the change in MC. The rectangular area p*cEd represents the profit of the monopoly under long-run. In this perspective, it can be notified that the amount of long-run profit is much higher than the amount of short-run (Yang, Tang Nehorai, 2013). On the contrary, the above situation is slightly differed in the case of natural monopoly. According to Nizovtseva (2014), a natural monopoly is a firm that can produce the entire output of the market at a cost which is lower than what it would be if there were several firms. This situation usually arises when there are strong economies of scale (Belousova, Bushanskiy, Livchits Vasilieva, 2015). As a result, the Long Run Average Cost falls (LAC) over the entire range of output and in this respect, LMC always lies below in LAC. In short, both the LMC and LAC curves are downward sloping. Now, given the market demand curve and corresponding MR curve, the equilibrium price and output are p* and q* respectively. In the context of the above figure, if the firms are unregulated, then, it would produce the potential output at q* level and charged the price at p*. The monopoly equilibrium point is E at which the equilibrium conditions are satisfied. However, if the monopolist is a private producer, then the government of a country attempts to control the price and output. As opined by Khan (2014), the main reason behind the fact is that the motive of the private producer is to earn a profit. On the contrary, in the case of natural monopolies, public utility services such as communication, infrastructure, and transport, the supply of electricity, water and fuel are not profit earning projects. As a result, government intervention is needed to eliminate the dead weight loss from the economy (Carvalho Marques, 2014). If the government wants to fix the price equal to MC which is same as the competitive price, then the equilibrium price will be reduced, and output will be increased. Now, the equilibrium point is at E1 at which the corresponding price is P1, and the quantity is Q1. On the contrary, as per this figure, at the equilibrium point E1, the monopolist will incur a loss. In this situation, the price could not cover the LAC. At the point E1, P = LMC LAC. The loss is represented by the rectangular colored area P1C1C2E1. As a result, as per the view of Belousova, Bushanskiy, Livchits Vasilieva (2015), to avoid the pure economic losses, the firm would go out of business. Thus, to make it stay in business, the concerned government of the country should provide a subsidy to the monopolist. This subsidy also compensates the pure economic loss. However, in the words of Hawley (2015), the provision of subsidy from general tax revenue involves the increased government expenditure. As a result, the government may not adapt such a policy always. As per the view of Carvalho Marques (2014), this policy is known as Marginal Cost Pricing (MC Pricing). On the other hand, the concerned government may set the price at P2 which is equal to LAC. In this case, the equilibrium is achieved at the point of E2 where the AR curve and the LAC curve intersect to each other. The equilibrium level of output is much less than the amount of output in the case of MC pricing. Moreover, at the same time, the price will be higher than MC. In this figure, the price is P2 under AC Pricing which is much higher than the price level, P1 under MC pricing. In this perspective, as per the view of Guha (2016), the monopoly firm neither earns any monopoly profit nor suffers losses. The achieved amount of output, Q2 is large enough as it can exist without driving the firm out of business. According to Preston (2012), it is known as Average Cost Pricing (AC Pricing). It can be pointed out that there is, of course, some dead weight loss in the economy, but the amount of dead weight loss is less than the dead weight loss under monopoly pricing. In other words, as per the view of Wang Yang (2012), both the equilibrium price and output under AC pricing are less desirable than those under MC pricing. Furthermore, under AC pricing there will be some loss in the welfare of the buyers. On the contrary, in the words of Yang, Tang Nehorai (2013), to avoid the extra expenditure, the concerned government may adapt the AC pricing. In this perspective, it may be noted here that to adapt a proper pricing policy for controlling the natural monopoly, the associated market demand curve and the cost function of the private producer who is the monopolist must be known to the government (Starc, 2014). In the absence of such knowledge, control of natural monopoly by the government is not possible. As a result, the government in most of the cases supplies such services so that the private monopoly does not exist (Vikharev, 2013). In this consequence, it can be notified that under monopoly market situation, the firm faces some dead weight loss and both the price and output are not so much significant compare to the price and output under perfect competition (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). According to this figure, the firm under the monopoly market faces a high price, and low level of the output compare to the firm under the perfect competition. With the help of cost and benefit analysis of consumer surplus and producer surplus, it can be pointed out that the triangle are b and c are the dead weight loss in the economy. The sum of these triangles (b + c) indicates the pure economic loss of the economy. As a result, the concerned government intervenes in the market to correct and regulate the market so that the economic loss is eliminated (Nizovtseva, 2014). By referring to the above analysis, it can be inferred that the primary motive of the government is to eliminate the dead weight loss from the economy. Now, in the case of natural monopoly, public utility services are delivered. The private producer, as well as the monopolistic firm, cannot be able to produce the socially optimum level of output alone (Soda Carlone, 2013). The public utility services such as telephone companies, gas pipelines, railroads, electric services, fuel, and water are not instant profit earning projects. Moreover, in the words of Nizovtseva (2013), the Marginal Private Benefit (MPB) is lower than the Marginal Social Benefit (MSB) which can be mitigated by the regulation of the government of the country in the form of subsidy. Now, in the case of MC pricing, P = MC which indicates that if demand increases, the electricity utility cannot be able to supply the desired quantity demanded (Saglam, 2016). Therefore, it ensures to increase the price to the point at which the existing capacity is equal to the quantity demanded. Now, in that situation, LAC is greater than P. Therefore, a huge amount of loss is incurred which is borne by the government (Minamihashi, 2012). Thus, to get rid of this unwanted burden, the government prefers to choose the AC pricing. Though there is some dead weight loss, the pure economic loss can be eliminated. Conclusion: Based on the above analysis of the regulation of natural monopolies, it can be concluded that AC pricing is more preferable than the MC pricing. One of the drawbacks of monopoly market is that it incurs dead weight loss compare to the perfect competition market structure. As a result, the government wants to regulate its price as well as quantity to eliminate the dead weight loss. In this perspective, a natural monopoly is that type of firm which experiences the decreasing cost condition over a long range of output. This can be done due to the presence of economies of scale. Moreover, the cost minimization process is better if the only one firm exists in the market rather than more firms. In short, the natural monopolies serve the public utility services. In this perspective, the private producer cannot be able to achieve the socially optimum level of output during the production of this type of service. Thus, the government regulation is needed efficiently to control both the price and quantity. If the government sets its price at the point of MC pricing, then a huge amount of pure economic loss is incurred which is unwanted. Therefore, to set the price at the point of AC pricing is a better decision as there is no economic loss. However, there exists some dead weight loss, but not so much significant. Reference List: Belousova, N. I., Bushanskiy, S. P., Livchits, V. N., Vasilieva, E. M. (2015). Modern Approaches to Natural Monopoly Identification and Regulation under Russian Economic Reform.Current Politics and Economics of Russia, Eastern and Central Europe,30(1/2), 35. Carvalho, P., Marques, R. C. (2014). Computing economies of vertical integration, economies of scope and economies of scale using partial frontier nonparametric methods.European Journal of Operational Research,234(1), 292-307. Guha, B. (2016). Moral Hazard, Bertrand Competition, and Natural Monopoly. Hawley, E. W. (2015).The New Deal and the problem of monopoly. Princeton University Press. Khan, N. Z. (2014). Natural Monopoly, Public Trust and Vested Interests: Case of Power Sector in Pakistan.Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies,11(2), 29-56. Minamihashi, N. (2012). Natural monopoly and distorted competition: evidence from unbundling fiber-optic networks. Nizovtseva, I. (2013). Index of the economic interaction effectiveness between the natural monopoly and regions. I. Math Model. Nizovtseva, I. (2014). Generalization index of the economic interaction effectiveness between the natural monopoly and regions in the case of multiple simultaneous projects.Applied Mathematical Sciences,8(25), 1223-1230. Preston, J. (2012). Beyond the quiet life of a natural monopoly: Regulatory challenges ahead for Europes rail sector.Brussels: Centre on Regulation in Europe, Issue paper,2. Saglam, I. (2016). Regulating a Manager?controlled Natural Monopoly with Unknown Costs.Managerial and Decision Economics. Soda, G., Carlone, A. (2013). Cultural Change, Reorganization and Diversification (19962002): The Search for a New Identity. InNational Monopoly to Successful Multinational(pp. 25-42). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Starc, A. (2014). Insurer pricing and consumer welfare: Evidence from medigap.The RAND Journal of Economics,45(1), 198-220. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Vikharev, S. (2013). Verification of mathematical model of development cooperation programs between natural monopoly and regional authorities. Wang, X., Yang, H. (2012). Bisection-based trial-and-error implementation of marginal cost pricing and tradable credit scheme.Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,46(9), 1085-1096. Yang, P., Tang, G., Nehorai, A. (2013). A game-theoretic approach for optimal time-of-use electricity pricing.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,28(2), 884-892.

Business Plan Fashion Star Boutique

Question: Discuss about the Business Planfor Fashion Star Boutique. Answer: The business model of Fashion Star Boutique is as follows: Key partners: The key are partners are the suppliers and customers Key activities: The key activities include designing of fashionable dresses following the latest trends of fashion, along with considering the customers demands (Drucker, 2014). Value proposition: The core values include the supply of the best clothes and fashion accessories to the customers, and ensure customer satisfaction. Customer relationship: The relationship established by the customers is a positive one and the boutique targets towards the establishment of strong customer relations. Moreover, customer loyalty needs to be ensured by introducing attractive offers to the customers (Franke et al., 2013). Customer segment: The customer segments who are targeted by the boutique are the high class people and the people who are fashion conscious. Key resources: The key resources are the efficient employees of the company (Drucker, 2014). . Distribution channel: The distribution channel includes the online access as well as the in house stores of the boutique. Cost structure: The most costly resources of the business includes the materials of the clothes and the materials of the other fashion accessories. Revenue stream: Since the clothes are very fashionable and modern, hence the customers are willing to pay very high prices as well (Drucker, 2014). However, the mode of payment preferred by the customers is the online payment mode, using cards or internet banking facilities. This in brief is the business plan of the Fashion Star Boutique. The key partners and the key activities have been identified, along with the cost structure and the revenue streams of the boutique. References Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Franke, N., Harhoff, D., Henkel, J., Hussler, C. (2013).Innovation und Entrepreneurship. Springer/Gabler.

Essay on a Group Analysis - What to Look for While Writing It

Essay on a Group Analysis - What to Look for While Writing ItFirst of all, it is important to understand that writing an essay on a group analysis must be done with great care and precaution. In the process of writing an essay on a group analysis, there are three different concepts that have to be looked at in order to ensure that the project is done properly. This is necessary because the errors that are committed during the process could potentially cost the company a lot of money and time.The first concept that has to be taken into consideration while working on a group analysis essay sample is the writing style. The essays must be written in such a way that the whole idea is presented and the individual's opinion is presented in a way that makes it understandable for a reader to follow. In other words, it is not good enough to just write an essay; one has to write a good essay.Secondly, the essays need to be coherently structured. When writing an essay on a group analysis, it is important to remember that the topics do not have to be discussed in the detail. It is better to start from the general areas of the topic. It is also better to come up with short paragraphs and then explain the same part of the thesis in a different and better way.A third concept is the topic of group analysis. What needs to be remembered is that the topic of group analysis does not have to be the entire topic of the essay. In other words, one has to be careful that the essay does not turn into an outline.One should always make sure that the topic is related to the topic or thesis of the group analysis. For example, if the subject of the group analysis is the performance of the group in analyzing the problem in their field, then the essay can be written on the issues related to that. On the other hand, the essay on the group analysis could also talk about the amount of change that took place in the past and how the results were calculated.Another aspect that needs to be remembered is that the data of the group analysis should be given a separate analysis. After all, data and information are only as useful as the fact that it is gathered by the group.Writing an essay on a group analysis can be a challenge but it can also be very rewarding. In other words, it is always best to put in a lot of effort and also put in a lot of focus. For those who are willing to work hard, this is a very important step.The essay on a group analysis can be challenging but it can also be rewarding. In other words, it is always best to put in a lot of effort and also put in a lot of focus. For those who are willing to work hard, this is a very important step.

I wish theyd do it right free essay sample

Jane Doe in, I Wish They’d Do it Right, opposes her sons idea of cohabitation. She believes that marriage offers many benefits for her son, her son’s partner, and the child. He refuses to take vow into a legal relationship and she begins to argue with her son’s idea when finally her son’s fiance has a child. Jane Doe states that because of her son cohabitating, he has become economically disadvantaged, causes social awkwardness, and deprives the happiness of the extended family. All families who have a child should marry because there are multiple benefits and it legitimizes a legal standing in society. Jane Doe states that there are economic benefits that her son and her daughter-in-law are denying themselves. As college students, housing in the married-students dormitories of a university would have been an advantage considering that they would not be paying as much as a regular housing payment. We will write a custom essay sample on I wish theyd do it right or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because they are not married and could not provide a marriage certificate, they were denied and forced to find another place off campus. In addition, Jane Doe’s daughter-in-laws medical insurance denied her son because they were not legally married. Doe continues on to say that other inconveniences will come their way, and they have chosen to undergo through those struggles. Similar to Doe’s situation, a couple that I know, who have been together well over 8 years now, are not able to file joint returns because they are not married. This could be financially helpful because it helps qualify for a variety of tax credits and there is a high rate of a higher income. Their decision to stay as they are (not married) also takes away benefits, but for now, they are living in good conditions and enjoying what they have. Doe believes that not being married causes social awkwardness because she does not know what to refer her son’s partner as. Although Doe’s word usage in her essay brings some confusion, publicly, she does not know what to call her. She questions what ways she could present her sons partner and chooses to call her her daughter-in-law as her son refutes any assumptions that they have taken vows. In the same instances, I have a â€Å"brother-in-law† who I should not be calling that yet. Soon, though, he and my sister will legally marry and my niece will have a legit family in which she can grow with. In addition, they will then find the advantages they were once not taking. Finally, Doe takes this situation into a more personal level when she involves her family. She says that the couple’s unchanging believe of cohabitating has been depriving to the rest of her family. She goes on to say that other family members just can’t cope with the situation in which they are put in. As she concludes, her tone changes when she addresses her son’s partner as his wife. She also claims that the family will not love them any more for it, which brings up questioning of why she even wrote this essay if she is already happy for them. Jane Doe believes marriage will bring happiness not only to her son’s family, but to the extended family as well. She provides supporting arguments to demonstrate the things that her son is not taking advantage of and explains how marriage could benefit him in many ways. Despite all this, her son’s militant support of his ideology did not change, and to him, marriage is something that he can’t imagine doing and instead carries on with his belief of cohabitating.

Terms About Courts and the Judicial System

Terms About Courts and the Judicial System Terms About Courts and the Judicial System Terms About Courts and the Judicial System By Mark Nichol As with any government sector, the US judicial system is ruled by specific nomenclature that distinguishes one type of court from another, as well as other points of style: The US Supreme Court US can be spelled out, but there’s no need to do so should be designated as such, with the initials for â€Å"United States,† to distinguish it from state supreme courts even if only the federal court is mentioned. In subsequent references, it can be identified simply as â€Å"the Supreme Court† or even â€Å"the Court.† (Though court is usually lowercased in generic usage, the word is often capitalized in reference to the highest court in the land.) Although a state Supreme Court is generally so designated in local media, in publications with more widespread circulation â€Å"the California Supreme Court† (or â€Å"California’s state Supreme Court†), for example, is preferred. Not all equivalent judicial bodies, however, are so designated; variations include â€Å"Court of Appeals,† â€Å"District Court,† â€Å"Circuit Court,† â€Å"Superior Court,† and Court of Common Pleas.† Regional appellate courts are informally called, for instance, â€Å"the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals,† but it’s better to use the formal title in this case, â€Å"The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.† Formal names of district courts follow this form: â€Å"U.S. District Court for the Central District of California†; their subunits are divisions whose varying names are capitalized, as in â€Å"Eastern Division.† Names of court cases are italicized, and versus is abbreviated with a v followed by a period: Brown v. Board of Education. The judicial system is also known by the terms judiciary and, seldom, judicature. The function of the judicial branch of government is to interpret and apply law, as well as ensure equal justice under the law; the legislative system makes laws, and the executive branch enforces them. The head of the U.S. Supreme Court is designated the chief justice; this job title is capitalized before that person’s name, but a generic identification, even after the person’s name, is â€Å"chief justice of the United States.† All other members of the Court are called associate justices; this title is also initial-capped before a name. A judge is identified by that job title, as in â€Å"Judge John Doe,† but remember that when a job title is preceded by a qualifying term, the job title becomes part of a description and is no longer capitalized: â€Å"retired judge John Doe,† â€Å"appellate court judge Mary Smith.† And how do you write the form of direct address of a judge? â€Å"Thank you, Your Honor,† equivalent to usage for other civil titles â€Å"One more question, Mr. President†; â€Å"Please have a seat, Senator.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentence5 Brainstorming Strategies for WritersPunctuation Is Powerful

Lyon and U.S Traditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lyon and U.S Traditions - Essay Example From then on the idea of "festival of lights was born". The people of Lyon up to this day continue to celebrate this visually spectacular tradition. Currently the festival takes place in four events whereby light installation illuminates the city of Lyon attracting thousands of visitors as tourists. Apart from celebration, the festival also provides an opportunity for communication forum with other cities in France and also around the world concerning the issue of light in town and city dwelling is discussed. Lots of tourists visit Lyon every year to watch the event. Lyon is rich in culture and traditions that attract a lot of people allover the world.(Robert 2009) The winter festival of lights in U.S. involves the lighting of a 5 kilometer road stretch adjacent to Niagara falls with over three million sparkling lights turning the falls into a wonder winterland.This festival attracts visitors from across Ontario, North America, Canada and beyond. The event began in 1983 as a result of collective consultation and participation of Canada and Niagara parks commission with other business organizations to create the festival. The winter festival made and agreement in 1992 with the Canadian Inc to come up with Disney enchantment displays located at the base of Murray hill in Queen Victoria Park. The festival has been highly recognized than any other display.

Dynamic Development of Marketing Management Strategies and Article

Dynamic Development of Marketing Management Strategies and Organizational Performance - Article Example The strategy is simply a choice. Prosperity is linked not only with profitability but also the long term growth. It's like steering a ship in the ocean with the danger that pirates may take over, or it might become the victim of the deadly waves. The ship here refers to the company itself and the challenged here include the competitors, the environment etc. Thus, there is a strong need for the managers to make a strategy that works as an action plan to achieve the aimed objectives. The objectives may be both financial such as higher revenues, lower costs, high profits and non-financial just to be the top in the industry, largest market share, or to place the product in the top minds of the customers. Thus, the need arises to have a blueprint that tells how to go about it Companies need to diverse, differentiate, integrate backward or forwards, and manage business portfolio balanced. The managers need to do planning, develop a vision, has to set their mission, develop long term plans and these all are further divided into different objectives and goals. But it is important that the strategy is to be consistent with the organizational goals and policies, it should be flexible enough to respond to the faster-changing environment in which it is operating, and it should add value to the organization and become a source of advantage over its competitors, and lastly, it should be feasible and practical enough to get through. Strategic management can be defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives (David F.R., Strategic Management). The process of strategic management involves three stages, viz. formulation of a strategy, implementing a strategy and lastly, evaluating the strategy. Since organizations have limited resources thus they need to choose from amongst the alternatives available. Setting a strategy starts with developing a strategic vision so as to provide long term direction, and provide a purpose to the organization. The strategic vision is then converted into specific performance objectives for the company to achieve. And then forming strategies to achieve the desired outcomes that have been developed in the form of objectives. This all was the planning portion of the process; no strategy is useful until it is implemented and executed effectively and efficiently. In the end, the eval uation stage begins which requires comparing actual i.e. the reality with the planned.

Dante, Plato, Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Dante, Plato, Aristotle Essay The assignment is poetry v. philosophy. Plato speaks of a quarrel b/t poetry and philosophy. He dismisses the arts while Aristotle defends them. DO we see traces of this quarrel in later traditions? If so, where? And how is it played out there? For this essay, in addition to Plato and Aristotle, focus on Dantes Inferno. (Please look to see if my thesis is clear and strong, my evidence is all relevant, and whether this whole essay persuades you) Throughout his life, Plato strongly believed that the arts and philosophy directly opposed each other. On the other hand, Aristotle defended poetry as an aid to philosophy. Dante, a philosophical poet, successfully synthesizes Plato and Aristotles views in the Divine Comedy of the Inferno without compromising either school of thought. He acknowledges the fact that while the arts have its uses within the material world and philosophy its uses in the spiritual, both need the other to be complete. Both Plato and Aristotle agree that poetry brings about great emotion which has a lasting impact on the individual and society. However, they disagree on poetrys emotional effects. In Meno, Plato believes it results in harm while Aristotle argues that it leads to improvement in Poetics. Upon closer inspection, we see that Dantes Inferno contains a philosophical significance underlying its poetic style. Poetry and philosophy work towards the same end, but in different ways. There is no doubt that poetry is an imitation. What Aristotle and Plato dispute over is the source of that imitation. Plato strongly states that the arts are mimetic, twice removed from the truth. They are an imitation of the ideal entities in the realm of the forms, in which all things are perfect. For instance, tragedy presents multiple possibilities and situations rather than a single essence. In Meno, Platos Socrates discusses the difference between doxa and episteme. Poets, politicians and priests utilize doxa, a type of knowledge that is not mediated through any intellectual reasoning. This further demonstrates the composition of the material realm. Right opinion, or doxa, flees from the mind just as the materialistic body quickly perishes. Socrates says opinion is not worth much until it is fastened with reasoning of cause and effect (Plato 65). He is alluding to episteme, true knowledge that remains in the brain. This is accomplished through intellectual inquiry in the ideal realm. Throughout the dialogue, Menon insults Socrates by saying he looks like a stingray, alluding to a type of numbing-drug. However, Menon proves to have false knowledge as Socrates shows how anamnesis occurs via the Socratic Method. Only when he experiences aporia, the state of confusion and realization of ones ignorance, can he reach true knowledge. The reference to the drug, pharmakon, symbolizes how Menon became numb to the false, material world in order to transition to the divine realm where all things originate. While Plato asserts that imitation comes from the true essence of things, Aristotle believes it has its roots in human action. In Poetics, he examines how humans have an instinct for imitation, harmony and rhythm. We often learn our earliest lessons from mimesis. Aristotle asserts that the only way to reach the ideal is through action. He views it as a horizontal developmental rather than a vertical one, as Plato did. By the process of energia, we move from potential to actuality. This is also analogous to the concept of the material to the ideal. We come out of the cave and into the sun through our own activities. As the arts best represent action, tragedy contains knowledge because it presents psychological possibilities and universal truths about ourselves. Each possible reality may be the ideal essence. Tragedy, after all, is an imitation of action and of life, not men. The stage externalizes whats within our souls. The actors play out the meaning of life which the audience can safely inspect without endangering themselves. This perspective is extremely human-centric compared to Platos divine ideal. For instance, tragedy contains plot that is action-centric and based on the structure of incidents. Unlike a story, a plots events can be resequenced in any fashion. This is like an experiment in which the stage is our lab. A plot can furthermore be split in two ways: complex or simple. A complex plot contains peripeteia and anagnorisis. The latter, similar to Platos Meno, shows the progression from ignorance to knowledge. Yet the characters on stage, even after making decisions, are still susceptible to Fortunes will. Thus peripeteia occurs, alluding to God and the divine realm we ultimately reach with the aid of anagnorisis. There are some things people cant control. However, what we do imitate and control are our actions within the material world. For Aristotle, action was the most significant aim to focus on. In Dantes Inferno, the poet Virgil guides Dante into Hell. Poetry begins to act as a gentler remedy compared to philosophy. It is more relatable to the human mind and physical world. Through catharsis, Dante must eliminate all emotional tumult to become enlightened. This process of catharsis is similar to the movement from the material to spiritual realm. Paradiso, the highest realm, is where true intellect exists and where we become one with God. In the second canto, Dante demonstrates the wickedness of emotions and the materialistic realm when Virgil tells him: Your soul has been assailed by cowardice, which often weighs so heavily on a man- distracting him from honorable trails- as phantoms frighten beasts when shadows fall. (lines 45-48) This is an extremely Platonian perspective. Partially right, Plato believed that tragedy produced cowardly leaders as it appealed to passion rather than logic and reason. Through Virgil, Dante demonstrates how the arts, especially poetry, are effective in cleansing the soul of emotion by experiencing or contemplating it. Much like the Socratic Method in Meno, Dante must become numb to false knowledge via catharsis and begin with a clean slate. He accomplishes this by observing the damned in the inferno. When he passes through aporia, only then will he become enlightened and obtain truth. The shadows are a reference to Augustines visio corporals, the cave of pure materiality, in which false knowledge resides. Dante says in canto one that man must come out of the shadowed forest (line 2) where he is so full of sleep (line 11). All this is accomplished through human action, represented through tragedy and poetry. Furthermore, Virgil symbolizes the coming emergence of Christian Rome through Dante. He has already taken Aeneas to the Underworld, setting up the entire story. Parallel to this, poetry lays the necessary foundation for the coming age of philosophy. Dante uses typology of the inferno to paradiso. Like the Hebrew Bible, the inferno remains incomplete and foreshadows whats to come. The New Testament completes the text, in the same way philosophy does to poetry. Each is interdependent on the other. In the Inferno, Dante fails to read the inscription to the Gateway to Hell, demonstrating how the archaic style of backgrounding no longer resounds in the new age of foregrounding. This method brings to light how the mind reads and interprets with reason. Because the material realm is incomplete, Dante cannot move to this abstract, spiritual meaning without first going through the forest. In the third canto, Virgil describes to Dante how those in hell have lost the good of the intellect (line 18). The mind can never be fulfilled as it is a pure sensory experience. This is proven when Virgil is only able to guide Dante so far. He cannot take Dante beyond the material realm because he is not a Christian. He represents the arts, the non-metaphysical. A higher entity, Beatrice, will lead him to paradiso. Virgil declares in canto one: If you would then ascend as high as these / a soul more worthy than I am will guide you (lines 121-122). Likewise, we can think of poetry, represented by Virgil, as a disguise to philosophy, the eventual remedy of Beatrice. While philosophy speaks of a thing itself, poetry uses metaphors as a transition to reach a philosophical conclusion. It is a vehicle for truth in its own peculiar way, addressing our minds through imagination, sensibility and feelings. Dante can synthesize Plato and Aristotles views because they are working toward one common goal: the divine, the cave of pure intellect. The mechanisms of philosophy are simply a more sophisticated turn on poetry. Traces of Plato are still seen in Dante, especially when he states in the fifth canto: Those who undergo this torment are damned because they sinned subjecting reason to the rule of lust (lines 37-39). However, in tragedy, what seems irrational and absurd to the audience becomes permeated with reason as it speaks the universal truth about ourselves. The arts show there is something beyond human thought and action as the audience learn how we cannot control everything. There is something beyond this human, materialistic world that we cannot begin to understand. This is God, which is exactly what philosophy aims at. It speaks the truth, not only of human action, but of the existence of the ultimate good. In this way, poetry consists of rational thought and intellect. Virgil tells Dante in canto eight: Forget your fear, no one can hinder our passage; One so great has granted it (lines 104-105). We are turning inward to our souls to reach the divine. This also speaks of Gods infinite and unexplainable power. God makes the impossible possible. Dante had to go down into the deepest level of hell to see the divine. This irony demonstrates catabasis and anagogy, the one single movement towards God. Furthermore, Cassius and Brutus foreshadow Judas betrayal. These three make up the material inversion of the Holy Trinity. We are able to see God in Lucifer. This demonstrates the typology from the inferno to paradiso as well as the process of recollection in Platos Meno and Aristotles Poetics. Just as Dante had to move through death to experience life, the reader must pass through poetry to obtain philosophy. All thinking about God involves moving from the material to the realm of the forms. The divine uses metaphors, our language, to help us understand. We are able to indirectly talk to God through poetry as He determines our fate. It was his will to send Dante into Hell. Like poetrys catharsis and philosophys pharmakon, Dante engages his mind as he journeys through the inferno. By looking and contemplating the suffering of the damned, he becomes reconciled to aspects of his life which would otherwise be nonsensical. Both the poet and philosopher seek the existence of God and of the metaphysical. Although Dante recognizes that the arts have limited utility, he realizes how poetry helps lay the foundation for philosophy through the Aristotelian and Platonian method. It has a cognitive function by helping to better appreciate and complete philosophy. As Venantius Fortunatus wrote in his hymn Vexilla Regis, by death did life procure. Likewise, by poetry did philosophy come about.